John Coltrane Illustrates the Mathematics of Jazz (americanjazzmusicsociety.com)

The article discusses how John Coltrane’s “Coltrane circle” drawing—shared with Yusef Lateef in 1967—parallels the “circle of fifths” while reflecting Coltrane’s own musical innovations. It highlights efforts by physicist Stephon Alexander and other writers to connect Coltrane’s approach to mathematical ideas, alongside interpretations that frame the same structures as spiritual or religious experiences. The piece also notes that Coltrane frequently talked about Einstein and sought to express his method through philosophy and mysticism more than formal theory.